Pathogenic Species of Blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Eastern Europe Mixed Forests Subzone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2617-4723-2019-387-81-90Keywords:
bloodsucking blackflies, quantity, occurrence, description, systematic observations, places of detectionAbstract
The geographical location of the mixed forests subzone of Eastern Europe, its relief and climate, hydrography contribute to the formation of mass reproduction hotbeds and attacks of bloodsucking blackflies. Simulidae are active farm animals blood suckers, carriers of various diseases pathogens, they reduce the productivity of animals, causing significant economic damage to the farms in the region. It was established that mixed forests inhabit 65 blackflies species from 16 genera, including experimentally determined bloodsuckers that cause bovine simulidotoxicosis. The material for this work were the collections and observations of the blackfly fauna of Eastern European mixed forests, which were carried out from 2000 to 2018 by method of route surveys and observations by staff of the Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University, K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Belarusian State Technological University. This paper analyzes the morphological and biological features of the five most active bloodsuckers causing simulidotoxicosis of cattle in the mixed forests subzone of Eastern Europe. It has been established that in the European subzone of mixed forests among the 25 species of bloodsucking blackflies, cattle simulidotoxicosis is caused by: Schoenbaueria pusilla Fries, 1824, Boophthora erythrocephala (De Geer, 1776), B. chelevini Ivashchenko (1968), Simulium morsitans Edwards, 1915 и S. promorsitans Rubtsov, 1956. The leading place in the productivity of active bloodsuckers of mixed forests – blackflies of the genera Schonbaueria, Boophthora and Simulium, belongs to floodplain biocenoses. They are not only ecologically capacious, due to the combination of the development locations of preimaginal phases, shelters of adults and the presence of hosts, but also cose the greatest threat to the occurrence of epizootic hotbeds of simuliotoxicosis. In general, anthropogenic impact, in particular, the network of soil-reclamation canals as an additional place for the development of larvae, creates favorable conditions for the development of eurybiont species that have an increased need for protein nutrition – blood.
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