Indicators of Nonspecific Anti-infectious Protection of Individuals in the Territories of Intensified Radioecological Control of the Sumy Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2617-4723-2018-377-86-91Keywords:
immune system, ionizing radiation, radiation contamination, mechanisms of nonspecific immune protectionAbstract
The state of nonspecific anti-infectious protection in individuals from the territories of the intensified radioecological control of Sumy region is under investigation. Contamination of large areas with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident is considered to be as a key immunosuppressive factor for the population of Ukraine. The state of the factors and mechanisms of nonspecific anti-infectious protection in persons, who was born and lived in contaminated territories has not been studied sufficiently. The purpose of this research is to determine the іndicators of nonspecific anti-infectious protection of individuals in the territories of intensified radioecological control of the Sumy region. The examined were divided into two groups: residents of radiation free areas (control group, 80 persons) and the inhabitants of the areas of enhanced radiation monitoring (experimental group, 80 persons). Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping (CD16) and dyeing on Romanowsky-Giemsa. We have found that examined from radiation free areas have quite stable indices that don't go beyond homeostatic norm. In persons from the territories of the intensified radioecological control of the Sumy region, the absolute amount of neutrophilic leukocytes is reduced by 15 %; increased absolute (1,6 times) and relative (1,8 times) the number of monocytes (up to the upper limit of the clinical norm). The absolute (on 57,1 %) and relative (on 11,35 %) quantity of natural killers is significantly reduced (in 2,33 times). The value of the neutrophilic-lymphocytic coefficient exceeds the corresponding indicator in the control group (by 1,98 times) and exceeds the upper limit of the clinical norm (by 1,34 times). Total indicator of nonspecific reactivity in the control and experimental groups reaches the values characteristic of the course of pathological processes. Persons from the IV radiation zone of the Sumy region have this indicator at the lower boundary of the clinical norm. The obtained results indicate the functional load of the nonspecific part of systemic immune system among the population of radiation-polluted territories of the Sumy region. The state of immune violation in terms of indicators in absolute and relative number of monocytes and natural killers (CD16) is formed in persons living in the territories of intensified radioecological control of Sumy region. At the same time, the formation of mutually compensating mechanisms among the systemic immunity units in response to low-intensity prolonged radiation irradiation is observed. The obtained results indicate the necessity of carrying out immunological surveys among the population of intensified radioecological control of our state (and in particular of Sumy region) in order to carry out immunorehabilitation measures for this category of population.
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