Mycobacteriosis of birds. Spatial-temporal features of the manifestation of the epizootic process in the world countries for the period 2000-2024. Literature review.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/NCBio.24.2-19Keywords:
mycobacteriosis, atypical mycobacteria, infectious, epidemic and epizootic processes, domestic and synanthropic poultry, diagnostics, environmental factors.Abstract
Avian tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting most bird species. Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium genavense are the most common causes of avian tuberculosis. Domestic and wild birds in captivity are affected more often than those in the wild. M. avium can infect all species of birds and several domestic animals. In immunocompetent individuals, M. avium causes local soft tissue infections, chronic pulmonary infections in the elderly, cervical lymphadenitis in children, and severe systemic infections in patients with weakened immunity. The epidemiological importance of avian tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis caused by other NTMBs is of undeniable interest in the features of the manifestation of epidemic and epizootic processes of this infection.
References
1. Global tuberculosis report 2022 [Online]. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/363752 (accessed Feb 13, 2025)
2. Lipman M.; Cleverley, J.; Fardon, T.; Musaddaq, B.; Peckham, D.; van der Laan, R.; et al. Current and future management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in the UK. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020, 7, рр e000591. DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000591.
3. Gross, J.E.; Caceres, S.; Poch, K.; Hasan, N.A.; Jia, F.; Epperson, L.E.; et al. Investigating nontuberculous mycobacteria transmission at the Colorado Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022, 205(9), рр 1064–74. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1911OC.
4. Alffenaar, J.W.; Märtson, A.G.; Heysell, S.K.; Cho, J.G.; Patanwala, A.; Burch, G.; et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring in non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2021, 60(6), рр 711–725. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01000-6.
5. Tan, E.M.; Marcelin, J.R.; Mason, E.; Virk, A. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex causing olecranon bursitis and prosthetic joint infection in an immunocompromised host. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact. Dis. 2016, 2, рр 1–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2015.11.003.
6. Peters, M.; Prodinger, W.M.; Gümmer, H.; Hotzel, H.; Möbius, P.; Moser, I. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva aestiva). Vet Microbiol. 2007, 122, рр 381–383 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.030.
7. Ledwoń, A.; Szeleszczuk, P.; Zwolska, Z.; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.; Sapierzyński, R.; Kozak, M. Experimental infection of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with five Mycobacterium species. Avian Pathol. 2008, 37(1), рр 59–64. DOI: 10.1080/03079450701802255.
8. Washko, R.M.; Hoefer, H.; Kiehn, T.E.; Armstrong, D.; Dorsinville, G.; Frieden, T.R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a green-winged macaw (Ara chloroptera): report with public health implications. J Clin Microbiol. 1998, 36, рр 1101–1102. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.4.1101-1102.1998.
9. Steinmetz, H.W.; Rutz, C.; Hoop, R.K.; Grest, P.; Bley, C.R.; Hatt, J.M. Possible human-avian transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a green-winged macaw (Ara chloroptera). Avian Dis. 2006, 50, рр 641–645. DOI: 10.1637/7609-041906R.1.
10. Lanteri, G.; Marino, F.; Reale, S.; Vitale, F.; Macrì, F.; Mazzullo, G. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae). J Avian Med Surg. 2011, 25(1), рр 40–43. DOI: 10.1647/2009-060.1.
11. Shitaye, J.E.; Matlova, L.; Horvathova, A.; Moravkov, M.; Dvorska-Bartosova, L.; Treml, F.; Lamka, J.; Pavlik, I. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium distribution studied in a naturally infected hen flock and in the environment by culture, serotyping and IS901 RFLP methods. Vet Microbol. 2008, 127, рр 155–164. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.026.
12. Dhama, K.; Mahendran, M.; Tiwari, R.; Dayal Singh, S.; Kumar, D.; Singh, S.; Sawant, P.M. Tuberculosis in birds: Insights into the Mycobacterium avium infections. Vet Med Int. 2011, 712369. DOI: 10.4061/2011/712369.
13. Ledwoń, A.; Napiórkowska, A.; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.; Szeleszczuk, P. Drug Susceptibility of Non-tuberculous Strains of Mycobacterium Isolated from Birds from Poland. Pol J Microbiol. 2018, 67(4), рр 487–492. DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-057.
14. Ristola, M.A.; von Reyn, C.F.; Arbeit, R.D.; Soini, H.; Lumio, J.; Ranki, A.; Bühler, S.; Waddell, R.; Tosteson, A.N.A.; Falkinham, J.O. 3rd; et al. High rates of disseminated infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria among AIDS patients in Finland. J Infect. 1999, 39(1), рр 61–67. DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(99)90104-4.
15. de Lastours, V.; Guillemain, R.; Mainardi, J.L.; Aubert, A.; Chevalier, P.; Lefort, A.; Podglajen, I. Early diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008, 14(2), рр 346–347. DOI: 10.3201/eid1402.070901.
16. Tan, E.M.; Marcelin, J.R.; Mason, E.; Virk, A. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex causing olecranon bursitis and prosthetic joint infection in an immunocompromised host. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact. Dis. 2016, 2, рр 1–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2015.11.003.
17. Garcia-Marcos, P.W.; Plaza-Fornieles, M.; Menasalvas-Ruiz, A.; Ruiz-Pruneda, R.; Paredes-Reyes, P.; Miguelez, S.A. Risk factors of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: a case-control study. Eur J Pediatr. 2017, 176(5), рр 607–613. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-2882-3.
18. Mariappan, A.K.; Mathesh, K.; Muthu, S.; Bhatt, M.; Sharma, M.; Saikumar, G.; Dhama, K. Pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium infection in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) from India. Braz J Microbiol. 2023, 54(3), рр 2521–2526. DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01012-3.
19. Song, X.-H.; Chen, H.-X.; Zhou, W.-S.; Wang, J.-B.; Liu, M.-F.; Wang, M.-S.; Zhu, D.-K. Complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium, isolated from commercial domestic Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica), determined using PacBio single-molecule real-time technology. Genome Announc. 2016, 4, рр e00769-16. DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00769-16.
20. Zhu, D.; Chen, H.; Ou, X.; Liu, M.; Wang, M.; Zhao, X.; Jia, R.; Chen, S.; Sun, K.; Yang, Q.; Wu, Y.; Chen, X.; Cheng, A. Comparison of immunohistochemistry and Ziehl-Neelsen staining for detecting the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp avium in naturally infected domestic Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Vet Med Sci. 2020, 6(2), рр 242–247. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.223.
21. Parvandar, K.; Mayahi, M.; Mosavari, N.; Pajoohi, R.A. Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium Avium subsp. аvium isolates from naturally infected domestic pigeons to avian tuberculosis. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2016, 5(1), рр 217–218. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.09.018.
22. Sattar, A.; Zakaria, Z.; Abu, J.; Aziz, S.A.; Rojas-Ponce, G. Isolation of Mycobacterium avium and other nontuberculous mycobacteria in chickens and captive birds in peninsular Malaysia. BMC Vet Res. 2021, 17(1), рр 13. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02695-8.
23. Tsiouris, V.; Kiskinis, K.; Mantzios, T.; Dovas, C.I.; Mavromati, N.; Filiousis, G.; Brellou, G.; Vlemmas, I.; Georgopoulou, I. Avian Mycobacteriosis and Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Greece. Animals (Basel). 2021, 11(2), рр 291. DOI: 10.3390/ani11020291.
24. Manarolla, G.; Liandris, E.; Pisoni, G.; Sassera, D.; Grilli, G.; Gallazzi, D.; Sironi, G.; Moroni, P.; Piccinini, R.; Rampin, T. Avian mycobacteriosis in companion birds: 20-year survey. Vet Microbiol. 2009, 133(4), рр 323–327. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.017.
25. Ledwoń, A.; Szeleszczuk, P.; Malicka, E.; Dolka, I.; Zwolska, Z.; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.; Zabost, A. Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in lineolated parakeets (Bolborhynchus lineola). A case report. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2009, 53, рр 209–212.
26. Schmidt, V.; Köhler, H.; Heenemann, K.; Möbius, P. Mycobacteriosis in Various Pet and Wild Birds from Germany: Pathological Findings, Coinfections, and Characterization of Causative Mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr. 2022, 10(4), рр e0045222. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00452-22.
27. Schmitz, A.; Korbel, R.; Thiel, S.; Wörle, B.; Gohl, C.; Rinder, M. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbio. 2018, 218, рр 40–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026.
28. Nesic, V.; Marinkovic, D.; Matovic, K.; Radakovic, M.; Davitkov, D.; Vaskovic, N.; Davitkov, D. Avian tuberculosis in a free-living Eurasian griffon vulture. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2022, 34(4), рр 723–726. DOI: 10.1177/10406387221102432.
29. St-Jean, G.; Gagnon, C.A.; Soualhine, H.; Tremblay, M.; Beaulieu, A.A.; Sylvestre, D. Mycobacterium xenopi systemic infection in a domestic fiery-shouldered conure bird (Pyrrhura egregia). JMM Case Rep. 2018, 5(7), рр e005158. DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005158.
30. Kriz, P.; Slana, I.; Kralik, P.; Babak, V.; Skoric, M.; Fictum, P.; Docekal, J.; Pavlik, I. Outbreak of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in one flock of domestic pigeons. Avian Dis. 2011, 55(3), рр 503–508. DOI: 10.1637/9638-123010-Case.1
31. Algammal, A.M.; Hashem, H.R.; Al-Otaibi, A.S.; Alfifi, K.J.; El-Dawody, E.M.; Mahrous, E.; Hetta, H.F.; El-Kholy, A.W.; Ramadan, H.; El-Tarabili, R.M. Emerging MDR-Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in house-reared domestic birds as the first report in Egypt. BMC Microbiol. 2021, 21(1), рр 237. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02287-y.
32. Palmieri, C.; Roy, P.; Dhillon, A.S.; Shivaprasad, H.L. Avian mycobacteriosis in psittacines: a retrospective study of 123 cases. J Comp Pathol. 2013, 148, рр 126–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.06.005
33. Pfeiffer, W.; Braun, J.; Burchell, J.; Witte, C.L.; Rideout, B.A. Whole-genome analysis of mycobacteria from birds at the San Diego Zoo. PLoS One. 2017, 12(3), рр e0173464. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173464.
34. Djouaka, R.; Zeukeng, F.; Bigoga, J.D.; Kakou-Ngazoa, S.E.; Akoton, R.; Tchigossou, G.; Coulibaly, D.N.; Tchebe, S.J.; Aboubacar, S.; Nguepdjo, C.N.; Tossou, E.; Adeoti, R.; Ngo Nsonga, T.M.; Akpo, Y.; Djegbe, I.; Tamo, M.; Mbacham, W.F.; Ablordey, A. Domestic animals infected with Mycobacterium ulcerans-Implications for transmission to humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018, 12(7), рр e0006572. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006572.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Бойко O.П.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
