https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atomNotes in Current Biology2024-03-01T09:40:08+00:00Oleksandr Motuziuklutskeeg@gmail.comOpen Journal Systems<p>Journal "Notes in Current Biology» was founded <span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="uk" data-phrase-index="0"> in 2021 as the successor of the journal Scientific Bulletin of the Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University.</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="uk" data-phrase-index="1">Series: Biological Sciences, which was founded in 1996 as the Scientific Bulletin of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn State University.</span></span></p> <p>"Notes in Current Biology» is a scientific journal that contains the research results and review articles in the field of biology. The Journal is intended for lecturers, research staff, graduate students and students who specialize in relevant or related fields of science. The articles are published in Ukrainian, Russian or English, which meet the requirements and have received positive recommendations from reviewers.</p> <p>Publication frequency - 2 issues per year.</p> <p><strong>Registered by</strong></p> <p>Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Certificate of state registration of the printed media № 24734-14674 ПР 4.01.2021</p> <p><strong>Certified by</strong></p> <p>Attestation Board of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine</p> <p>Annex 3 to Order No 735. dated <em>29.06.2021</em></p> <p>Founder and publisher</p> <p>Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University (43025, Lutsk, Volia ave., 13)</p>https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/625Evaluation of the complexity of the motor task from the point of view of muscle activation2024-03-02T08:01:16+00:00Oleksii Bondar
<p>Today, many specialists from various fields, such as physiology, biology, rehabilitation, traumatology and others, are actively researching the functioning of the musculoskeletal system and its relationship with the central nervous system. This is a very relevant topic in today's world, as various factors such as traumatic injury, chronic or hereditary disease, neurological impairment and the aging process have a direct impact on the state of the musculoskeletal system, muscle function and movement coordination. One of our goals is to study the dynamics of two-joint equilibrium muscle contraction in order to determine the final forces created by the right upper limb of a person in the horizontal plane.</p> <p>We are conducting a study in which the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles of the shoulder and shoulder girdle, as well as the spatial and force parameters of movements that occur during free two-joint efforts, are studied. The purpose of this study is the process and mechanism of central coordination of motor commands sent to the muscles of the shoulder and shoulder girdle during bicondylar movements, especially when performing targeted efforts with the hand, in the presence of visual control.</p> <p>Synchronization and coordination of the muscles of the shoulder and shoulder girdle during the performance of two-joint movements were studied in an experiment with experimental subjects. By recording the electromyographic activity of 8 muscles and calculating the moments of forces generated by the muscles, it was found that muscle synchronization was more pronounced during elbow flexion, and muscle coordination - during shoulder extension.</p> <p>The findings of the study indicate that the muscles of the shoulder and shoulder girdle work in a synchronous and coordinated mode during two-joint movements. Muscle synchronization and coordination appeared to be important for precise movement control, with elbow flexion and shoulder extension showing greater accuracy compared to other movements.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Олексій Бондар https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/622Snanthropic epiphytic bryocoenoses of Uzhhorod (Karpathian region, Ukraine) and its environs2024-03-01T11:09:10+00:00Svitlana Gapon Yuriy Gapon Marina Kryvtsova Yaroslava Gasynets
<p>The moss vegetation of urban ecosystems in Ukraine has not been studied enough. The study of the bryophyte vegetation of the Transcarpathian lowland is still at the initial stage. The aim of the study was to identify the main features of the structure of synanthropic bryophyte vegetation in the city of Uzhhorod. In the course of the research, generally accepted methods of floristic classification of communities were used, and the classification scheme of vegetation was built taking into account the prodromus of bryophyte vegetation of Ukraine [12]. As a result of the original research of the moss cover of Uzhhorod and its environs, it was found that the epiphytic vegetation is formed by synanthropic bryocenoses belonging to two classes, two orders, four unions and six associations. The basis of the epiphytic moss vegetation in the urban ecosystem of Uzhhorod is formed by associations of the class <em>Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis</em>, order <em>Orthotrichetalia</em>, unions: <em>Ulotion crispae</em> (associations: <em>Orthotrichetum pallentis, Orthotrichetum speciosi, Pylaisietum polyantae</em>), <em>Syntrichion laevipilae</em> (<em>Orthotrichetum fallacis</em>), <em>Leskion polycarpae</em> (<em>Leskeetum polycarpae</em>). The communities of the class <em>Cladonio digitatae-Lepidozietea reptantis,</em> order <em>Brachythecietalia rutabulo-salebrosi</em>, <em>union Bryo capillaris-Brachythecion rutabuli</em> (<em>Brachythecio salebrosi-Amblystegietum juratzkanii</em>) occur mainly in the basal part of forophyte trunks and on their protruding roots. A brief ecological description of each syntaxon is given and their comparative analysis with the known syntaxons of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and a number of cities of the Left Bank Dnipro River is made. The bryocenoses identified by us within Uzhhorod and its environs occupy an intermediate position between the corresponding syntaxes of natural ecosystems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and the urban ecosystems of the Left Bank Dnipro River basin by almost all criteria (number of species in the community, area of the community, etc.). Such a comparison is correct because the natural conditions of the Transcarpathian lowland are defined as identical to the Forest-Steppe zone.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Світлана Гапон, Юрій Гапон, Марина Кривцова, Ярослава Гасинецьhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/621Effects of alcohol on the contractile function of slow and fast muscles: a review2024-03-01T11:15:50+00:00Alevtyna MorenkoVlada Kolesnikova
<p>Skeletal muscle primarily consists of two types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch fibers. Slow-twitch fibers possess high oxidative capacity and resistance to fatigue, whereas fast-twitch fibers are associated with high-intensity, short-duration exercises. Studies have revealed that alcohol exerts negative effects on both types of muscle fibers. In rat experiments, alcohol exposure resulted in alterations in creatine kinase (CK) activity in both fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles. Low concentration alcohol exposure increased CK activity in fast-twitch muscles but decreased CK activity in slow-twitch muscles. However, high concentration alcohol reduced CK activity in both muscle types. Furthermore, alcohol exposure was found to induce changes in muscle fiber types. Additionally, alcohol exposure affected the oxidative capacity of muscles. Low concentration alcohol exposure enhanced muscle oxidative capacity, while high concentration alcohol exposure decreased oxidative capacity in fast-twitch muscles.</p> <p>Overall, this study indicates that alcohol intake has detrimental effects on skeletal muscle fibers and functionality. Alcohol leads to muscle fiber type transitions, decreased CK activity, and impaired oxidative capacity. These findings suggest the adverse impact of alcohol on muscle health, particularly its pronounced effects on fast-twitch fibers. These discoveries contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which alcohol affects muscle and emphasize its detrimental effects on overall physical well-being.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Алевтина Моренко , Владислава Колесникова https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/620The role of сomplete blood count for predicting the course of coronavirus infection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review2024-03-01T11:16:27+00:00Anna Yushchuk A.Olha KorzhykVasyl Pykaliuk V.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The course of coronavirus infection in patients with COVID-19 can cause systemic inflammation of the organism, and dysregulation of the immune system and the hemostasis system. Given the possibility of severe and recurrent cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is imperative for clinicians to find reliable, cost-effective, and at the same time accessible blood-specific parameters that can serve as stratification markers for patients with confirmed COVID-19. The purpose of our review article is to highlight the modern research results on the characteristics of general clinical hematological parameters (complete blood count) in patients with COVID-19 and their use for predicting the course of the coronavirus infection. We used bibliosemantic, analytical, and logical methods when writing a systematic review, as well as a generalization method. We searched and selected scientific publications by keywords in bibliographic databases, analyzed and summarized the results. The indicators of the general blood analysis (an absolute count of neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and monocytes) allow calculating several newly introduced indices of inflammation, such as NLR, dNLR, PLR, MLR, NLPR, AISI, SIRI, SII. The use of such indices at the stage of hospitalization in patients with confirmed COVID-19 can be used to predict the course of the disease and the probability of a critical condition or lethal outcome.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Yushchuk Anna, Korzhyk Olha, Pykaliuk Vasylhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/617Anorectal developmental anomalies2024-03-01T11:15:16+00:00Olha AntonyukVasyl PykalyukOleksandr SlobodianAlona RomaniukLyudmyla Schvarts
<p>Anorectal malformations include a wide range of conditions that can affect both sexes and involve the distal anus and rectum, as well as the urinary and genital tracts. An imperforate anus is a common birth defect that results from defects or delays in the development of the hindgut. The diagnosis of nonperforation of the anus is usually made shortly after birth through a routine medical examination. Patients have the best chance for a good functional outcome if the disease is diagnosed early and effective anatomic repair is started immediately. Most malformations in girls can only be correctly diagnosed on physical examination. An anus visible in the perineum with a normal vagina and urethra suggests a perineal fistula. A rectovestibular fistula occurs when the opening is in the posterior vestibule and beyond the hymen. If only one opening is visible between the labia, it is very likely a cloaca. Rectovaginal fistulae may initially appear as a non-perforating anus without a fistula (a normal-looking vagina and urethra, but no visible anus). Close examination usually reveals the presence of an opening in the back wall of the vagina or inside the hymenal ring. Radiological evaluation of a newborn with non-perforated anus should include abdominal ultrasound, using it to detect urological abnormalities. Sepsis, aspiration, abdominal distention, colonic perforation, respiratory distress, electrolyte imbalance are complications that can result from delayed diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of anorectal malforations. Accurate preoperative identification of an internal fistula between the distal part of the genitourinary tract is very important for optimal surgical treatment and prevention of possible damage to the genitourinary tract. Staged surgery, the most common approach for treating anorectal malformations, consists of three operations: a colostomy at birth, a definitive operation at 2–3 months of age, and closure of the colostomy at approximately 6 months of age.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ольга Антонюк, Василь Пикалюк, Олександр Слободян, Альона Романюк, Людмила Шварцhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/616The role of insulin resistance and oxidative stress in the mechanisms of arterial hypertension development2024-03-01T11:14:01+00:00Olena KuchmenkoValentyna HaviiVitalii SheikoLaura Mkhitaryan1Olena Matova
<p>Hypertension is a pathophysiological process associated with morphological and functional disorders in cellular structures that lead to progressive imbalance of the cardiovascular system of the organism. The purpose of the study was to study the role of insulin resistance and oxidative stress in the mechanisms of development of arterial hypertension. The study included 55 patients with controlled arterial hypertension aged 57.3 ± 4.5 years. The content of glucose, insulin, products of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins, and the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes were determined in the patients' blood. According to the results of determining the content of glucose, insulin and calculating the HOMA index, patients were divided into two groups - patients with controlled arterial hypertension without and with insulin resistance. An increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (TBA-positive products) lipid oxidation products, protein oxidation products in the blood serum of patients with arterial hypertension without and with insulin resistance was demonstrated. Higher levels of lipid and protein oxidation products (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in patients with hypertension and insulin resistance compared to patients with hypertension without insulin resistance. A decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase in patients with arterial hypertension without and with insulin resistance was also shown. In patients with arterial hypertension and insulin resistance, the decrease in the activity of these enzymes was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) compared to patients with arterial hypertension without insulin resistance. Taking into account the obtained results, it is necessary to distinguish between patients diagnosed with hypertension, depending on the presence or absence of insulin resistance. Patients with hypertension and insulin resistance require a complex approach to treatment, as they have more profound changes in metabolic processes, in particular, oxidative metabolism. Insulin resistance and arterial hypertension are mutually reinforcing, therefore, for effective treatment and prevention of further complications, it is necessary to combine means and approaches to influence each of these links to more effectively prevent the development of metabolic disorders in the orgsnism.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Олена Кучменко, Валентина Гавій, Віталій Шейко, Лаура Мхітарян, Олена Матоваhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/615Biodiversity of the spruce forest of the Tsuman Forestry (Kivertsi National Nature Park "Tsumanska Pushcha", Ukraine)2024-03-01T11:11:22+00:00Tatiana TrushKateryna SukhomlinIryna KuzmishynaOleksandr ZinchenkoMariia ZinchenkoSvitlana Diakiv
<p>According to the results of field research during the vegetation period of 2022, 60 species of vascular plants and representatives of 35 taxa of invertebrates during the vegetation period of 2022 were found in the spruce forest of the Tsuman Forestry in the Kivertsi National Nature Park «Tsumanska Pushcha», Volyn Region. Three sites survey in sq. 4, ed. 18 of Tsuman forestry were carried out on 14.05.2022, 28.05.2022, 11.06.2022 and 25.09.2022. The tree layer was represented by <em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst. plantation in adding of <em>Quercus robur</em> L., <em>Carpinus betulus</em> L. The shrub layer was poorly developed, represented by singles <em>Corylus avellana</em> L. and <em>Rubus idaeus</em> L. In the grass layer of the test-аrea 16 <em>Dentaria bulbifera</em> L. was common, while in micro-lowering <em>Geum rivale</em> L., <em>Myosoton aquaticum</em> (L.) Moench, <em>Maianthemum bifolium</em> (L.) F.W. Schmidt as well as <em>Galeobdolon luteum</em> Huds. were spread. In test-areas 17–18 <em>Oxalis acetosella</em> L. with constant for this area species <em>Urtica dioica</em> L., <em>Glechoma hederacea</em> L. and <em>Chelidonium majus</em> L. were spread. The research area remoteness both from the town of Tsuman and highways contributed to the plant covering preservation.</p> <p>All types of forest plants were represented by aboriginal flora with typical nemoral (31 species; 51.8% of all plants under research) and boreal (15 species; 25.0%), boreal-nemoral species (5 species; 8.3%). The synanthropic fraction was represented by only 9 species (15.0%), among which 8.3% belonged to apophytes, 3.3% belonged both to archaeophytes and chenophytes. To sum up, this indicates significant preservation of the spontaneous flora.</p> <p>The eudodominant group of invertebrates were representatives of various orders of the class Insecta (41.65 %) from the total number of collected specimens. Dominant (DI ≥ 10.00 %) were Collembola (19.46 %) of the orders Poduromorpha and Symphypleona, sarcoptiform mites Sarcoptiformes (19.06 %), in particular shell mites Oribatida, Araneae. The subdominants (DI 1 – 9.99 %) include Myriapoda such as millipedes and centipedes, Arachnida are represented by harvest spiders Opiliones. Insects of this group include Aphidoidea, Heteroptera, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Silphidae, Curculionidae, Hymenoptera and Diptera.</p> <p>Recedents (DI ≤ 1,00 %) are earthworms Lumbricidae, crustaceans Malacostraca, in particular woodlices Oniscidea, false scorpions Pseudoscorpiones. Among the insects, that occasionally fell into soil traps were Lepismatidae, Blattellidae, Neuroptera, Cicadellidae, Forficulidae, трипси Thysanoptera, Psocidae, Cerambycidae, Geortupidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae, Buprestidae, Raphidioptera, Hystrichopsyllidae from the genus <em>Palaeopsylla</em><em> </em>and Lepidoptera.</p> <p>The greatest faunal diversity according to the Margalef index (3,74 та 3,72) is characteristic of the illuminated areas of the spruce forest within the dry area and the "window". The highest index of fauna similarity is found in areas of spruce forest with oak admixture and in the spruce forest "window".</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Тетяна Труш, Катерина Сухомлін, Ірина Кузьмішина, Олександр Зінченко, Марія Зінченко, Світлана Дяківhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/614Macromycetes of "Hutsulshtyna" National natural park and their antibacterial properties.2024-03-01T09:55:48+00:00Mariia Pasailiuk Lesia Plikhtiak
<p>The ability of ethanol extracts of 20 species of macromycetes to inhibit the growth of bacterial cultures was studied. Their influence on indicators of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in relation to three types of test cultures of microorganisms was established. Extracts of <em>Cantharellus</em><em> </em><em>cibarius</em>,<em> </em><em>Grifola</em><em> </em><em>frondosa</em><em> </em><em>Laetiporus</em><em> </em><em>sulphureus</em>,<em> </em><em>Leccinum</em><em> </em><em>scabrum</em><em>, </em><em>Mycena</em><em> </em><em>leptocephala</em><em>, </em><em>Russula</em><em> </em><em>rosea</em><em>, </em><em>Strobilomyces</em><em> </em><em>strobilaceus</em> showed the largest diameters of growth retardation of microorganisms of test cultures. The ability to counteract bacteria is a species-specific feature and does not depend on the trophic timing of macromycetes, the same applies to the ability to suppress the catalase activity of microorganisms. Extracts of macromycetes, which provoked inhibition of the growth of cultures, led to changes in the SOD activity of the studied bacteria: during incubation of M. luteus culture with mushroom extracts, which showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms with a diameter of 8-12 mm, superoxide dismutase activity increased 2-3 times, during incubation of <em>M. luteus</em> bacteria with extracts that inhibited growth with a diameter greater than 12 mm, the enzymatic activity increased 8-10 times. The SOD activity of <em>B. spizizeni</em> increased by 40-80% at the 24th hour of the experiment with extracts, the use of which is accompanied by the formation of a 10 mm zone of growth inhibition, but already after 48 hours of the experiment, the indicators of the SOD activity of <em>B. spizizeni</em> decreased to the control values. SOD activity of E. coli increased on the 24th hour of the experiment by 1.4-1.6 times relative to the control values, even with the use of extracts that provoked inhibition of the growth of cultures with a diameter of 8 mm and remained high on the 48th hour of the experiment (in 1.2-1.3 times).</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Марія Пасайлюк, Леся Пліхтякhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/613North American woody plants in the cultivated phytocoenoses of the Volyn region2024-03-01T11:07:54+00:00Larisa KocunBoris KocunLіudmila Savchyk
<p>The inventory of cultural phytocoenoses of the Volyn region conducted in 2019-2023 revealed 53 species of North American woody plants belonging to the divisions <em>Pinophyta</em> and Angiospermae, 24 families and 35 genera. The families with the most species are Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae. The richest genera are Picea and Pinus. According to their biomorphs, the woody plants studied belong to the phanerophytes (51 species) and the chamefites (2 species). Among the phanerophytes, the group of microphanerophytes is the most numerous – 26 species. There are 48 species of woody plants that are completely hardy. Only 4 species have one- to two-year-old shoots that can freeze (<em>Abies concolor</em>, <em>Liriodendron tulipifera</em> (young plants), <em>Mahonia aquifolium</em>, <em>Phyladelphus grandiflorus</em>). The leaf tips of Yucca <em>filamentosa</em> are damaged in cold winters. 25 species in culture are not able to reproduce independently. Only 16 species go through a complete life cycle and are capable of self-seeding. Vegetatively propagated in culture are 12 species of woody plants. The degree of naturalisation is dominated by ephecophytes that spread in anthropogenically altered areas. These include <em>Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Acer saccarinum, Gleditsia triacanthos, Physocarpos opulifolia, Gymnocladus dioicus, Cercis canadensis, Celastrus scandens, Rhus typhina</em>, etc. The agriophyte group includes 8 species and the colonophyte group 6 species. Agriophytes that have overcome the reproductive barrier, become fully naturalised and are able to spread from cultivated areas into semi-natural and natural phytocoenoses, altering their structure, pose a potential threat to the region's biodiversity. These include <em>Aser negundo, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia</em> and <em>Padus serotina</em>. Floristic studies of the natural habitats of Volyn Polissia carried out in recent years have shown the spread of other North American species in the forests: <em>Quercus rubra, Aronia melanocarpa, Amaelanchier spicata</em>.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Лариса Коцун , Борис Коцун, Людмила Савчук https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/612Bryophytes of the Syra Pogonia peat massif of the Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve (Ukraine): ecological and biomorphological characteristics2024-03-01T11:12:47+00:00Iryna RabykМарія Юсковець
<p>Monitoring biodiversity and the state of mire ecosystems is particularly relevant today for the further planning of nature conservation management in such areas. Revision the taxonomic composition and determining the ecological and biomorphological features of the bryoflora of the peat massif Syra Pogonia RNR are relevant for assessing its current state and forecasting its dynamic dynamic trends. Research on bryophytes was carried out during 2020-2023 by collecting field materials, processing literary sources and critical analysis of herbarium collections. 68 species of bryophytes from 31 families and 39 genera we have identified in the mire massif of the Syra Pogonia of the Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve based on the results of our own field research and literary data. The families Sphagnaceae – 22,2%, Polytrichaceae – 11,8%, Mniaceae and Dicranaceae – 7,5% each, were found to be the most abundant in terms of species. An analysis of the ecological groups of mosses based on trophicity of the substrate revealed a predominance of mesotrophic (33,8%) and oligotrophic species (30,1%), as well as mesoeutrophic species (19,1%); a significant percentage (5,9%) of eutrophic species. Among the ecological groups based on moisture of the habitats, hygromesophytes and hygrophites predominate (35,3%); mesophytes and xeromesophytes account for 30,3% and 20,6% respectively. As a result of biomorphological analysis, the dominance of tall turfs (39,7%) and wefts (19,1%) life forms of mosses, which are associated with wet and oversaturated areas of mire and forest ecosystems, was established, but a large percentage of short turf (23,5%) were also found to be widespread on disturbed areas. A wide range of trophic and moisture content of habitats, as well as a variety of biomorphological spectra of bryophytes, were observed in the studied territory. The heterogeneity of the ecobiomorphological spectrum of mosses in the in the mire massif, particularly the significant presence of xeromesophytic and mesoeutrophic species with life forms of low turfs, indicates a negative trend towards meso- and eutrophication of certain sites of the oligotrophic bog.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ірина Рабик, Марія Юсковець https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/611Morphology of the Skulls from the Burials in the Village of Zalutske (tract Staikyn Verkh), Sumy Region (the 18th – 19th Centuries)2024-03-01T11:13:19+00:00Yurii DolzhenkoГеннадій Жаров
<p>The focus of this article is on the publication of craniological findings from a cemetery located near Zalutske village (tract Staikyn Verkh), Romny district.</p> <p>Materials and methods: Anthropological materials dating from the 18–19<sup>th</sup> cent. primarily consist of well-preserved human skulls. The collection comprises 8 items, including 5 male and 3 female skulls. Measurements were conducted following a comprehensive craniometric program based on R. Martin’s standard technique, with numbered features indicated accordingly. Software for multidimensional analysis was developed by B. and A. Kozintsev in 1991.</p> <p>The primary objective of this research is to present new craniological data to the scientific community, providing a general description of local inhabitants in comparison to neighboring ethnic groups in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. The study aims to determine the distance between individual series from the 14–19<sup>th</sup> cent. through multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis, seeking to position local peasants within the system of craniological types in Eastern Europe and the pheno-geographic anthropological zones of Ukraine.</p> <p>Novelty in research lies in the submission of craniometric measurements and characteristics from skulls of the 18–19<sup>th</sup> cent. in a craniological series from Zalutske village, a first-time occurrence.</p> <p>Results show the creation of a male series from Zalutske village of the 18–19<sup>th</sup> cent., consisting of 5 skulls. The group is characterized as moderately brachycranial based on the average craniometric values.</p> <p>Upon comparing the studied male group from the 18–19<sup>th</sup> cent. with synchronous series and samples from the 16th to 19th centuries in Eastern, Central, and Western Europe using multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis, partial similarity to the Transcarpathian urban group of Uzhhorod was observed.</p>
2023-12-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Юрій Долженко, Геннадій Жаровhttps://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/610Monitoring investigations of the flora of the course of the Turia river in the city of Kovel on Sagaidachnoyo street2023-10-04T13:50:21+00:00Larysa KotsunVolodymyr RadziiBorys Kotsun
<p>In 2021, the project of reconstruction of the Turia riverbed in the area of Sahaidachnoy Street in the city of Kovel, Volyn Region, in the area of the bridge crossing, was launched. In order to timely identify, prevent and eliminate the negative consequences of the impact of planned activities on the phytodiversity of the Turia River, post-project monitoring was carried out every quarter, which allowed to objectively assess the impact of the performed works on the plant cover. Studies have shown the recovery of typical aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation in the area of activity. Among aquatic plants <em>Nuphar lutea </em>(L.)<em> Smith.</em>, <em>Myriophyllum spicatum </em>L., <em>Potamogeton crispus </em>L., <em>Lemna minor </em>L. Species<em> Salvinia natans</em>(L.) All are typical. recovered on the territory of the planned activity in shallow backwaters near the banks of the river with a projective coverage of 20-40%. Above and below the research site, the species shows high phytocenotic activity with a projective cover of 40-100%. Of the coastal water plants, typical are <em>Butomus umbellatus</em> L., <em>Lycopus europaeus</em> L., <em>Glyceria maxima</em> (C.Hartm.) Holmb, <em>Lythrum salicaria</em> L., <em>Typha latifolia</em> L., <em>Rumexhydrolapathum</em> Huds., <em>Ranunculus sceleratus</em> L., <em>Myosotis scorpioides</em> L, <em>Mentha aquatica</em> L., <em>Bidens frondosa</em> L., <em>Iris pseudacorus</em> L. The groups of <em>Salvinieta natantis</em> formation, <em>Salvinietum natantis</em> <em>purum</em> and <em>Salvinietum (natantis) lemnosum (minoris)</em> associations included in the Green Book of Ukraine were revealed; <em>Nuphareta luteae</em> formation group <em>Nupharetum (luteae) salviniosum (natantis)</em> association. The work carried out on the improvement of the banks of the Turia River had a positive effect on the spread of weeds, a lawn was created, and highly decorative cultivars of maple and willow were planted as solitaires.</p> <p>The study of the territory of the Turia River above and below the planned activity proved the dominance of ruderal biotopes of perennial grasses with the dominance of anthropophytes, among which there are species with high phytocenotic activity. Their presence may have threatening consequences for the existence of the already reconstructed part of the Turia River bed. Among them, species dangerous to human health: <em>Heracleum sosnowski</em> Manden. and <em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em> L.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/609Features of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokins in chronic heart failure2023-10-04T13:50:21+00:00Naira LipkanOlena Kuchmenko
<p>Various endogenous mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of the study was to study the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients with CHF. The study included 149 patients with CHF, aged 18 to 75 years, who were receiving inpatient treatment in the heart failure department of the National Center for Cardiology "Institute of Cardiology named after Acad. M.D. Strazheska" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2020-2022. TNF-α and IL-6 were determined in blood serum and supernatants by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. An increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the blood serum of patients with CHF was demonstrated. A higher level of studied cytokines was observed in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to patients with sinus rhythm. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased with increasing of functional class. The highest levels were observed in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 25% and 26-35% compared to the group of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 36%. Also, the level of these pro-inflammatory cytokines increased with the age of the disease. Depending on the diagnosis, the highest level of TNF-α was observed in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and the lowest (at the control level) in patients with coronary heart disease without hypertensive disease. At the same time, the levels of IL-6 in the blood of these patients are opposite - the lowest level is observed in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and the highest level is observed in patients with coronary heart disease without hypertensive disease. Also, an increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the cytokine-producing capacity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with CHF, both spontaneous and induced, was shown. At the same time, changes in the values of the studied indicators in different subgroups were similar to changes in the content of cytokines in the blood of patients. It was established that the immune-inflammatory activation of immunocompetent cells was enhanced in all patients with CHF.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/608Vascular anatomy and flower morphology in Allium victorialis L. Sp. Pl. (Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil.)2023-10-04T13:50:22+00:00Oksana Fishchuk
<p>The morphological structure and vascular anatomy of the <em>Allium montanum</em> flower were studied. New micromorphological features of the vertical zonality of the gynoecium, the vascular anatomy of the flower and the structure of the septal nectary, which were not previously used in the taxonomy of the <em>Amaryllidaceae </em>family were described. Micromorphological preparations of 15 flowers of <em>Allium montanum</em> were prepared using standard methods of impregnation of plant material with paraffin. Sections of a flower at the bud stage with a thickness of 15-20 μm using a rotary microtome were described. We established the presence of three vertical zones in the gynoecium of <em>Allium montanum</em>: the synascidiate zone, the symplicate structural zone and the hemisymplicate zone. Flower micromorphology and vascular anatomy were studied using cross-sections of flowers. The peduncle of <em>Allium montanum</em> contains 8 vascular bundles, which form a vascular cylinder above, from which traces of tepals and traces of stamens depart at the level of the corolla, and even higher - traces of dorsal carpel bundles. Stamens separate from the ovary. The style is immersed in the ovary, gynobasic. In the center remains a circle of small vascular bundles - the roots of the ventral complex, which are reorganized higher at the level of the appearance of the locules into paired vascular bundles - the ventral carpel bundles. There are 2 ovules in each locule, the trace of the ovule is single-bundle. Dorsal vascular bundles are single-bundled. Above the ovary locules, the ventral carpel bundles end blindly. Traces of outer tepals and inner tepals are single-bundled. The trace of the stamen is single-bundled.</p> <p>The newly obtained features of the micromorphology and vascular anatomy of the <em>Allium montanum</em> flower will help us in the study of other representatives of the genus <em>Allium </em>and will give us the opportunity to compare the obtained morphological and anatomical features with the features we previously studied in representatives of the Amaryllidaceae for the possibility of their use in the family taxonomy.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/607Discoveries of rare false darkling beetle species (Melandryidae Leach, 1815) at the upper forest boundary of the Polonynskyi Ridge in the Ukrainian Carpathians2023-10-04T13:50:22+00:00Volodymyr RoshkoLubov Felbaba-Klushina
<p>The sites of the finds of two rare saproxylic species of beetles from the family Melandryidae Leach, 1815 are described: <em>Phloiotrya subtilis</em> (Reitter, 1897) and <em>Melandrya barbata</em> (Fabricius, 1792), which were known from ancient literary sources, and for the Ukrainian Carpathian region there are the first modern finds. For such ecotone ecosystems as the upper limit of the forest, species are listed for the first time.</p> <p>Finds of these false darkling beetle were known only from eastern Ukraine back in the 90s of the last century. These species were discovered during comprehensive ecological research in 2018-2019 at the upper limit of the forest in the northwestern part of the Polonyn Ridge. Here, the upper border is formed by a forest beech and sycamore phytocenosis of natural origin and thickets of herbaceous herbaceous phytocenosis and bilberry and lingonberry shrubs.</p> <p><em>Phloiotrya subtilis</em> was found in the ecotone of one of the “Stinka” mountain ranges at an altitude of 944 m above sea level. Here, the ecotone area is formed by thickets of growing mountain ash S<em>orbus aucuparia</em>, <em>A. pseudoplatanus</em> maple, and <em>Salix</em> sp.</p> <p><em>Melandrya barbata</em> was noted in a forest area of the Yavirnyk massif at an altitude of 1001 m above sea level. The forest here is represented by a natural phytocenosis of sycamore beech, aged 120-150 years and older. <em>Acer platanoides</em> and mountain ash <em>Sorbus aucuparia</em> occur in the undergrowth. In both areas, where the rare false darkling beetle were found, a significant amount of dead wood inhabited by various types of stem fungi is visible.</p> <p>Findings of rare false darkling beetle highlight the value of such natural ecosystems as the upper limit of the forest, which form habitats necessary for the existence of saproxylic organisms.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/606Mycobacteriosis of cattle: pathomorphological changes in organs of the peripheral immune system. Medico-epidemiology significance2023-10-04T13:50:22+00:00Petro BoykoVictor ShevchukYaroslav StepanyukOksana BoykoLudmyla SoloveyOlha Panivska
<p>The paper presents the results of histomorphological studies of materials from cows that reacted positively to tuberculin and AAM (allergen of atypical mycobacteria) during planned allergy studies of cattle by simultaneous sampling, in one of the tuberculosis-free farms of the Volyn region.</p> <p>Diagnosis of animal tuberculosis in the farm is carried out comprehensively using all the methods prescribed by the instructions for the fight against tuberculosis - epizootological, clinical, allergic, patho-anatomical, histomorphological, bacteriological and biological. Thanks to complex diagnostics, we were able to establish that reactions to tuberculin in cows were of a paraallergic nature, caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) or so-called atypical mycobacteria (AMB).</p> <p>It was established that cows that reacted positively to tuberculin and AAM and were slaughtered for diagnostic purposes did not have pathological changes characteristic of tuberculosis. However, pathological changes (granulomatous foci, atrophy of lymphoid and growth of epithelioid tissue, hyperplasia of various intensity and character, spotty hemorrhages in the cortical zone) were detected in most lymph nodes, in particular, mediastinal, mesenteric, nasopharyngeal, and submandibular, which indicate an active infectious process in animal organism caused by NTBM.</p> <p>Likewise, at the histomorphological level, a number of changes were found in lymph nodes (formation of primary nodules from lymphocytes and reticular tissue in reactive centers, degradation and necrosis of lymphocytes, formation of cellular detritus in the center of nodules and capsules from epithelioid elements around nodules, etc.), which confirm the regularity of the development of the detected pathological anatomical changes and indirectly indicate the mechanism of sensitization of the body of cows, and therefore the nature of paraallergic reactions in animals.</p> <p>The detected pathomorphological changes in the lymph nodes and large intestine, as well as the release of acid-resistant AMB (M. fortuitum, M. scrofulaceum, Nocardia spp.) confirm the objective functioning of the epizootic process of mycobacteria in the herd of dairy cows. Milk obtained from AMB-infected cows may be a source of potential biohazards to human health through dairy foods and thus constitute a medico-epidemiological problem.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/605Adaptation potential of the cardiovascular system in schoolchildren of pubertal age2023-10-04T13:50:22+00:00Тetyana ShevchukAlona RomaniukLiudmyla AponchukViktor RomaniukBogdana Bila
<p>Knowledge about the physical development and adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system in schoolchildren is necessary to understand all the changes that can cause pathologies in adolescence. The ability to correctly find an approach to the study of the physical development of both an individual teenager and in a team, and dynamic monitoring of it in healthy and sick schoolchildren, will allow timely detection of probable symptoms of damage to the body and somatic diseases, which will contribute to the prevention of the development of the disease itself, as well as the prevention of complications at the preclinical stage.</p> <p>The study of physical development and adaptive reserves of the body at the beginning and at the end of the puberty period was carried out in the work. For this, a contingent of subjects aged 10–11 years (prepubescent period) and 15–16 years old (post-pubertal period) was selected. A total of 61 students were examined.</p> <p>The obtained results showed that, according to the centile tables, the physical development of schoolchildren in the prepubertal period was worse than in the postpubertal period. At the age of 15–16, there are more persons with very high, high and above average levels of physical development. Children before puberty have a 100% mesomorphic physique. At the end of puberty, individuals with different somatotypes were observed: 68 % (21 individuals) have an average harmonious development, or a mesomorphic body type. Disharmonious physical development with stunted growth (brachymorphic type) is noted in boys, while stretching processes prevail in girls (dolichomorphic type). The adaptive capabilities of the body deteriorate with age. 53 % of 5th graders have satisfactory adaptation capabilities, and only 33 % of 11th graders.</p> <p>Thus, schoolchildren in the prepubertal period have better adaptation reserves of the body (there are no persons with unsatisfactory adaptation) than in the postpubertal period. Therefore, the adaptive capabilities of the body deteriorate with age. This is obviously influenced by hormonal changes during puberty, as well as systematic physical and mental stress.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/604Craniology of the Eastern Polissian Male Series of the 17th – 19th Cent. (Chernihiv-Siverian Region)2023-10-04T13:50:23+00:00Yurii Dolzhenko
<p>In general, anthropological material is a reliable historical source in the study of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of peoples. Therefore, the study of skulls of early modern and modern periods from the territory of Ukraine is an urgent task for further interpretation of ethnogenesis and migration of Ukrainians. Our aim is to put into scientific circulation new craniological data, to give a general description of the inhabitants of Chernihiv-Siverian region of the 17<sup>th</sup> – 19<sup>th</sup> cent. against the background of adjacent ethnic groups of Ukraine and Eastern Europe and to find out the place of these inhabitants in the system of craniological types of Eastern Europe and pheno-geographical anthropological zones of Ukraine. Computer programs created by B. and A. Kozintsev in 1991 were used to study 96 male skulls. Distances between separate series of the 14<sup>th</sup> – 19<sup>th</sup> cent. were determined by multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis. 14 craniometric features and one index according to R. Martin are used. In general, the male group belongs to a large Caucasian race with signs of a certain hybridization, which manifested itself in the brachycranial index of the skull. The male sample from Chernihiv-Siverian region is similar to the urban series from Kyivan Podil (17<sup>th</sup> – 18<sup>th</sup> cent.) according to morphology, canonical and cluster analysis. The author sees a prospect in the in the analysis and description of the sample structure by the method of analysis of the main components, the presentation of intragroup analysis of the series. The craniological characteristics of women in Chernihiv-Siverian region is also important.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/603 Historical development and secondary bone palate variability of mammals2023-10-04T13:50:24+00:00Maria Biletska
<p><strong>Abstract</strong>. The following paper presents the results of long-term investigations (1995-2020) of the secondary bone palate (SBP) of mammals. It was analyzed the historical development of this structure in theriomorphic reptiles and mammals and the nature of the secondary bone palate variability, its functional and phylogenetic significance was discussed.</p> <p>There were described the structure features of the secondary bone palate of representatives from 12 orders of recent mammals and extinct theriomorphic reptiles. Among the theriomorphic reptiles, considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the SBP structure in Procynosuchus, Bauria, Thrinaxodon, and Cynognathus. The <em>os praemaxillare</em>, <em>os</em> <em>maxillare</em>, <em>palatine</em>, <em>os pterygoideum</em>, <em>praevomer</em> and <em>vomer</em> formed the SBP structure of these groups. In mammals SBP structure is simplified and formed by the palatine processes of the praemaxilla, maxilla and palatine bones. It was shown that the secondary bone palate of mammals reveals variability in the quantity of elements it consists of, the presence or absence of the <em>vomer</em> in its structure and the partial participation of individual bones. There were given 14 different variants of the SBP structure with extreme deviations from the typical mammalian structure (absence in its constitution of <em>os</em> <em>maxillare</em> (<em>Desmodus</em> <em>rotundus</em>) or <em>os praemaxillare</em> (most Mikrochiroptera) bones, as well as the presence of a <em>os pterygoideum</em> and <em>praevomer</em> (Monotremata, Cetacea, Edentata) and the presence of a <em>vomer</em> insert (Chiroptera, Cetacea, Artiodactyla). It was concluded that the class Mammalia preserves the entire range of elements inherent in the reptiles palate and almost all its structure variants. This allows us to assert that the SBP of mammals is inherited from theriomorphic reptiles.</p> <p> </p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/602Нова знахідка Hylobius (Callirus) pinastri (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) у Волинській обл.2023-10-04T13:50:24+00:00Віталій НазаренкоКатерина СухомлинОлександр ЗінченкоТетяна Труш
<ol> <li><em>H. pinastri</em> (small pine weevil) inhabits almost the entire Palearctic. Lives in coniferous and mixed forests, mainly in wet spruce forests on <em>Picea abies</em>, rarely <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> (Pinaceae). Larvae develop in bark of stumps, lower parts of trunks and cutted woods. In Ukraine, this species occurs mainly in the north-western part (Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk regions) and one record was published from the east of the country (Kharkiv region). In the Volyn region, one specimen of <em>H. pinastri</em> was found in the in the Shatskyi National Nature Park.</li> </ol> <p>The collection of material was carried out by counting animals on six test plots from 05.07.2022 to 09.25.2022. Three Barber traps were placed in each trial area. The traps were located at a distance of 50 m from each other.</p> <p>New finds of <em>H. pinastri</em> were registered in the Kivertsi National Park "Tsumanska Pushcha". 1 female was collected in a pine forest; 3 females and 2 males – on the border between the spruce forest and dry spruces; 1 male and 1 female – in dry spruces forest; 5 females was collected in a spruce forest with mixed hardwoods.</p> <p>The paper provides a key for the identification of two closely related species, <em>H. pinastri</em> and <em>H. abietis</em>.</p> <p>Current finds of this species confirm previously published data on its occurrence in the Volyn region and the contiguity of this species to spruce stands. It can be expected that <em>H. pinastri</em> can be found in other places of Ukraine.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/601Biodiversity of the oakery in the Tsuman Forestry (Kivertsi National Nature Park «Tsumanska Pushcha», Ukraine)2023-10-04T13:50:24+00:00Oleksandr ZinchenkoIryna KuzmishynaTatiana TrushKateryna SukhomlinMariia ZinchenkoSvitlana Dyakiv
<p>According to the results of field research during the vegetation period of 2022, 25 species of vascular plants and representatives of 32 taxa of invertebrates were found in the oakery of the Tsuman Forestry in the Kivertsi National Nature Park «Tsumanska Pushcha», Volyn Region. Survey of three areas in sq. 10, ed. 42 of Tsuman forestry was conducted during the growing season (14.05.2022 - 25.09.2022). The forest is represented by plantations of <em>Quercus</em> <em>robur</em> L. with admixture <em>Carpinus</em> <em>betulus</em> L., <em>Pinus</em> <em>sylvestris</em> L. The shrub layer is poorly developed. <em>Anemonoides</em> <em>nemorosa</em> (L.) Holub (syn. <em>Anemone nemorosa</em>), <em>Maianthemum</em> <em>bifolium</em> (L.) F.W.Schmidt<em>, </em><em>Oxalis</em> <em>acetosella</em> L. are common in the grass layer. The distance of the research area from the town of Tsuman and highways contributed to the preservation of plant cover – all types of forest plants represent aboriginal flora with typical nemoral (15 species; 60.0% of all studied plants) and boreal (10 species; 40.0%) species.</p> <p>The eudodominant group of invertebrates were representatives of various orders of the class Insecta 41,54 % from the total number of collected specimens. Dominant (DI ≥ 10,00 %) were Collembola (22,04 %) of the orders Poduromorpha and Symphypleona, sarcoptiform mites Sarcoptiformes (22,54 %), in particular shell mites Oribatida. Insects of this group include Carabidae (10.43%). The subdominants (DI 1 – 9,99 %) include crustaceans Malacostraca, in particular woodlices Oniscidea, millipedes Myriapoda, Arachnida are represented by spiders Araneae and harvesters Opiliones. Insects of this group include Carabidae, Staphylinidae, dung beetles Geortupidae, ants Formicidae, and Diptera. Recedents (DI ≤ 1,00 %) are earthworms Lumbricidae, false scorpions Pseudoscorpiones. Among the insects, that occasionally fell into soil traps were silverfishes Lepismatidae, forest cockroaches Blattellidae, aphids Aphidoidea, leafhoppers Cicadellidae, «true bugs» Heteroptera, earwigs Forficulidae, barklices Psocidae, longhorn beetles Cerambycidae, carrion beetles Silphidae, Scarabaeidae (Rutelinae), true weevils Curculionidae, bark beetles Scolytinae, weevils Elateridae, goldflies Buprestidae, fleas Hystrichopsyllidae from the genus <em>Palaeopsylla</em>.</p> <p>The greatest faunal diversity (3,43) distinctive of oakery areas with admixtures of hornbeam. The fauna of the compared trial areas are similar, the indicators of the similarity index vary between 0.91 and 0.93.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/600Barium and cadmium heavy metal ions – reactions of plants and cell cultures2023-10-04T13:50:24+00:00Irina ZaitsevaLarisa Bronnikova
<p>Plant growth and development are the results of genotype/environment interaction and are realized under genetic control. The genetic potential realization completeness essentially depends on surroundings. Biotic and abiotic stresses inhibit the ontogenesis. The reaction on various stresses determines the difference between sensitive and tolerant genotypes. In the first case pathological changes develop in organism. The adaptive processes prevail in the second one. During the division the reactions of entire plant and reactions of cellular level are observed. Organism reactions are directed towards the separation of stress agent from active metabolism zone. They are outward displacement, accumulation in special organs. Cell reactions are cooperated with adaptive metabolism changes. Parallel investigation of both events is needs to estimate the part of each variant in total organism tolerance. In such case the comparative analysis of plant and cell culture obtained from the plant is the most optimal approach. To have the true information it is necessary to estimate some parameters. First point is the detection of agent with all-round stress pressure. Another one is the determination of common reactions of adaptation to such stressor. Heavy metal ions (HMI) satisfy the requirements, especially barium, Ва<sup>2+</sup>and cadmium, Cd<sup>2+</sup>cations, HMI – are the most dangerous toxicants because they can product vast pathological alterations in different tissues of plant organism. But usually HMI act together with abiotic stresses and their joint action is more hazardous. Cd<sup>2+</sup>and Ba<sup>2+</sup>cations toxic pressure is similar to osmotic stresses. There was shown that Ba<sup>2+</sup> interrupted the K<sup>+ </sup>intercellular transport and its outward transportation. Ba<sup>2+</sup> ions affect the Na<sup>+</sup> transport too. Salinity has the similar effect. Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions injure the water status of the organism. Cd<sup>2+</sup> negative force due to their influence on LEA. Stress pressure of both cations develop on cellular level. So it is possible to use these cations in cell selection. Cell selection is a biotechnology that gives the opportunity to manipulation with cell populations. This method is connected with various selective systems elaboration to obtain variants with genetic changes in the massive of wild type cells. The type and the dose of stressor give the opportunity of the direction. The similarity of various agents stress pressure may be the approach for selection variants with combined tolerance. Ва<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup>ions demonstrate the similarity to osmotic stresses – salinity and water deficit. The selection of forms with higher tolerance levels to those stresses will be the result. Stress tolerance – is one of the fundamental plant features. The osmotic stress tolerance is polygenic feature. The analysis of variants with combined tolerance may open direct and cross links in the metabolism chains. This information extends genetic, biochemical, physiological aspects of tolerance.</p>
2023-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/599Study of the character of the accumulation of the distribution of free proline in plant organs under normal and stress conditions2023-10-04T13:50:25+00:00Larysa Bronnikova
<p>Drastic changes in climatic conditions cause a growing shortage of agricultural plants, and also stimulate the development of <em>Adrobacterium</em> – mediated transformation are actively used to obtain forms of plants with an increased level of resistance to abiotic stresses. As a result of a series of biotechnological manipulations; GM plant <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. was obtained. 7-day T2 plants of <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. genotype UK-95/17 were studied and the response to the effects of short-term settlement and water deficit, related to the accumulation of free proline, as well as the nature of seed production under stress were anolized. Accumulation of the protective effect is aimed of the culture. It is know that proline under stressful condition can be for med both as a result of its increased synthesis and as a result of the degradation of proline – containing proteins of the cell membrane. Conducted experiments showed that transgenic plants are characterized by resistance to osmotic stress. At the same time only their parallel study can provide more clear information about their character.</p>
2023-10-04T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/595The current state of landscape complexes and biodiversity of the territory in the zone of influence of the poultry farm in the village Zvynyache, Lutsky District, Volyn Region (Ukraine)2023-02-15T16:30:36+00:00Kateryna SukhomlinLarysa KotsunVolodymyr RadziiMariia ZinchenkoBorys KotsunOleksandr Zinchenko
<p>According to the preliminary results, the area of the study has undergone significant transformation as a result of anthropogenic impact and erosion processes caused by it. Modern natural <a href="https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/plant+communities">plant communities</a> are at different stages of their succession restoration, as a result of the specified factors and they are typical for the region. The dominant geocomplexes in the research area is the second supraflood loess terrace with a predominance of arable lands. The <a href="https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/plant+communities">plant communities</a> of the research area are synanthropic according to their floristic composition, with a high proportion of local weeds and adventive plant species. It was proved a high percentage of adventive plant species – 40.2%. Index of flora synanthropization is quite high – 88.9%. The ratio of adventive species by introduction time is almost the same: 24 species or 18.9% – archaeophytes and 27 species or 21.3% – chenophytes. The rate of general apophytization is also high (48.8%). The anthropization index is 40.2%. Index of archaeophytization (18.9%), kenophytization (21.3%), modernization (47.1%). Plant species from resolutions 4 and 6 of the Berne Convention was not identified on the study area. Only one regionally rare species was identified in Volyn region - common polypody <em>Polypodium vulgare</em> L., which grows in the tract "Posadka". Most of the registered animals are numerous in the study area, among them 25% synanthropic species, 91.7% typical species for cultural landscapes, 41.7% pests. No animal species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine were identified, the least weasel <em>Mustela nivalis</em> is included in Appendix 3 of the Berne Convention and wood nuthatch <em>Sitta europaea</em> is included in Appendix 2 of the Berne Convention. The general state of flora and fauna development, the state of biodiversity, the quality of the environment in the area of the planned activity implementation is characterized as satisfactory. Level of influence economic activity is considered permissible.</p>
2023-02-06T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/594Biodiversity preservation of the black alder forest in the Tsuman forestry (Kivertsi National Nature Park "Tsumanska Pushcha", Ukraine)2023-02-15T16:33:24+00:00Kateryna SukhomlinIryna KuzmyshynaTatiana TrushMariia ZinchenkoSvitlana DyakivOleksandr Zinchenko
<p>Field research was carried out during the vegetation period of 2022. In the Kivertsi National Nature Park "Tsumanska Pushcha"of Volyn Region were found 65 species of vascular plants and 28 animal taxa in the black alder forest of the Tsuman Forestry. Survey of a model plot with an area of 2100 m2 in sq. 25, ed. 11 Tsuman forestry operations were carried out during the growing season (14.05, 28.05, 11.06, 25.06, 16.07, 13.08, 10.09, 25.09.2022). The forest is represented by monodominant plantations of <em>Alnus glutinosa </em>(L.) Gaerth. with admixture of <em>Carpinus betulus</em> L., <em>Quercus robur</em> L.<em>, Pinus sylvestris</em> L.. The shrub layer is poorly developed. <em>Anemonoides nemorosa </em>(L.) Holub (syn. <em>Anemone nemorosa</em>), <em>Maianthemum bifolium </em>(L.) F.W.Schmidt<em>, Milium effusum</em> L.<em>,</em> <em>Vaccinium myrtillus</em> L.are common species in the grass layer.</p> <p>The distance of the research area from the urban-type settlement Tsuman and highways contributed to the significant preservation of vegetation cover – the absolute majority of plant species represent aboriginal flora – 61 species (93,9 %). The synanthropic fraction is represented by only 4 species (6.1%), including 1.5% of apophytes, 3.1% of archaeophytes, and 1.5% of chenophytes, which indicates significant preservation of the spontaneous flora.</p> <p>The eudodominant group of invertebrates were representatives of various orders of the class Insecta 34.45%, and the dominant position was occupied by Collembola of the orders Poduromorpha and Symphypleona, sarcoptiform mites Sarcoptiformes, in particular shell mites Oribatida and spiders Araneae. The subdominants include woodlice Oniscidea, millipedes Myriapoda. Insects of this group include Carabidae, Staphylinidae, dung beetles Geortupidae, ants Formicidae, and Diptera. Recedents are earthworms Lumbricidae, harvesters Opiliones, false scorpions Pseudoscorpiones; among insects - silverfishes Lepismatidae, forest cockroaches Blattellidae, possibly Neuroptera, aphids Aphidoidea, cicadas Cicadidae, “true bugs” Heteroptera, earwigs Forficulidae, barklices Psocidae, carrion beetles Silphidae, true weevils Curculionidae, weevils Elateridae, goldflies Buprestidae, fleas Hystrichopsyllidae from the genus Palaeopsylla.</p> <p>The greatest faunal diversity according to the Margalef index (3.19) is characteristic of "windows", gaps - lighted areas formed as a result of falling trees of the first tier. The fauna of the compared sample areas are similar, the indicators of the similarity index vary between 0.90 and 0.92.</p>
2023-01-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/593The effect of neurobiofeedback training on cognitive functions in elderly people with COVID-192023-09-19T09:31:12+00:00Sergiy BraniukOleksandr Motuziuk
<p>The COVID-19 virus, which has infected millions of people worldwide, is causing a variety of problems,<br>including psychiatric, economic, educational, and medical. Many studies have reported that COVID-19 affects blood<br>vessels, mainly microvessels, damaging the microcirculatory system of organs. The brain is not an exception, and this is<br>manifested by the degradation of the latter&#39;s functions.<br>The most vulnerable group, with a higher risk of complications, for this infection are the elderly. That is why, in<br>particular, methods of cognitive rehabilitation for this category of persons are very relevant. Neurobiofeedback training<br>(NBT) can be one of these methods. NBT is a non-invasive, safe and effective method of regulating the functional state<br>of the brain. NBT is now widely used for prevention and rehabilitation of brain diseases and improvement of human<br>executive functions and has become an important area of research around the world.<br>From our previous experiment of using NBT for the category of elderly people, we obtained results demonstrating a<br>reduction in latency and an increase in the amplitude of P300, which was manifested in the improvement of executive<br>functions.<br>In this NBT study, we tested whether COVID-19 affects cognitive function. We collected P300-based<br>electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and Montreal Cognitive Test (MoCA) responses from 26 subjects between 2 and 6<br>months after infection with COVID-19. Based on the t-test analysis, it was observed that there is a significant difference<br>between the test groups before and after the application of the training, compared to the control group according to the<br>MoSA results.<br>On the other hand, the statistical significance of P300 does not reflect the difference for both groups, although the<br>difference is visually noticeable. The reason may be the small number of subjects.</p>
2023-01-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/590Groups of river beaver (Castor fiber) in the vicinity of the Kamin-kashirskyi city, Volyn region2023-02-15T16:35:38+00:00Yaroslav OmelkovetsStanislav Zhurakovskii
<p>The research was conducted in the vicinity of the city of Kamin-Kashirskyi, Volyn region. The purpose of the work is studying the ecological features of the river beaver on the territory of the outskirts of the city of Kamin-Kashirskyi. Based on the objective, the formula of research tasks is performed: to identify European beaver ettlements in the vicinity of the city of Kamin-Kashirskyi; to study the ecological and ethological features of this animal species in the studied area; to analyze the influence of the river beaver on the biogeocenosis of the outskirts of the city of Kamin-Kashirskyi. Six beaver settlements were found on the studied territory, one of them was abandoned. A dam has been built near each of them. In total, there are 6 living and 10 abandoned burrows in these settlements. According to our data, 10 river beavers live in the discovered settlements, although a significant number of abandoned burrows indicates that there were much more of them in the past. The reasons that forced the animals to migrate from the studied area are a decrease in the water level due to summer droughts and a lack of fodder. The feed base of the European beaver in the studied area in the summer is represented by a variety of grasses: sedge, cattail, reed, nettle, plantain, reed and others, and in winter - mainly branches and parts of the trunks of willow and aspen harvested in the fall. The consequences of beaver activity in the studied territories are mostly positive. Beaver ponds, which were formed during the construction of dams, led to an increase in species diversity in biocenoses. Waterlogging and flooding of the surrounding areas near the studied reservoir is not observed.</p> <p>Animals cause some damage, hurting agricultural crops in the fields and gardens adjacent to the studied area.</p>
2023-01-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/589Features of biochemical indicators of blood in males and female with type II diabetes2023-02-15T16:41:31+00:00Tetіana KachynskaDaryna BidzyuraDiana VasylyukNatalia PodoliukhLyudmila Milinchuk
<p>Diabetes is one of the leading medical and social problems. Millions of people in all countries of the world suffer from this disease. Diabetes is third in the world after cardiovascular and cancer. Understanding the causes of the disease and its impact on the functioning of the body is important for the rational use of modern treatment and the creation of more effective therapeutic agents. The purpose of the study was to identify the peculiarities of blood biochemical parameters in men and women with type II diabetes.</p> <p>The study was conducted on 40 persons of male (20 people) and female (20 people) at the age of 45 ± 2,1 years with type II diabetes. All the studied had a long course of the disease, which was at least 5 years. The determination of biochemical parameters of blood was carried out as a result of the study of venous blood of patients.</p> <p>Biochemical blood indicators in men with type II diabetes were characterized by significantly higher rates (creatinine, urea, urea nitrogen and Weltman test), compared to women with the same diagnosis. In men with type II diabetes revealed a significantly dependence between high glucose levels and urea content, urea nitrogen and creatinine in whole blood. Biochemical blood indicators in men with type II diabetes were characterized by significantly higher rates (creatinine, urea, urea nitrogen and Weltman test), compared to women with the same diagnosis. In men with type 2 diabetes, according to the results of urea and creatinine, the process of removing metabolism products from the body slowed. Therefore, the long course of the disease in men, compared to women diagnosed with type II diabetes, is manifested by more reactive pathological changes in the functioning of excretory and circulatory systems according to blood. Obviously, for men with type II diabetes should pay more attention on diet and undergo a preventive examination for the morpho-functional condition of the cardiovascular and excretory systems.</p>
2023-01-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/588The influence of remote learning on the indicators of visual acuity of schoolchildren2023-08-23T07:11:02+00:00Olena DmytrotsaOlga KorzhykOleksandr Motuziuk
<p>The study aimed to analyze the impact of distance learning on visual acuity (VIS) indicators of schoolchildren. 120 schoolchildren participated in the survey. They have been divided into three groups (40 people each): junior (8-9 years), middle (12-13 years), and senior (16-17 years) school age. Subgroups have been distinguished by gender (20 people each) within the age groups. The following VIS indicators were compared: VIS indicators of schoolchildren who, since 2020, have been on distance (or blended) learning due to current influences (COVID-19, wartime), and whose screen time was long (ST, more than 2 hours), and the indicators of similar examinations of schoolchildren, conducted in 2011-2012 (that is, schoolchildren were not subjected to prolonged ST).</p> <p>As a result of the study, it was established that schoolchildren aged 8-9 years in terms of distance learning were characterized by a decrease in VIS indicators; girls had slightly lower VIS indicators, compared to boys. Middle- and high-school-age girls had lower VIS indicators compared to boys, independent of the effect of education.</p> <p>The obtained results and their analysis show that the visual acuity indicators of schoolchildren decrease with age; for girls, a significant decrease was established under the influence of distance learning. With age, an increase in the share of persons with reduced visual acuity indicators was established (boys from 20% (7-8 years old) to 45% (16-17 years old); girls - from 25% to 50%, respectively (among girls 16-17 years old a case with too low VIS, which is 5 %), was established. Teenagers were characterized by the highest share of increased visual acuity indicators: boys – 20%, girls – 10%.</p>
2023-01-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 https://journalbio.vnu.edu.ua/index.php/bio/article/view/587State of psycho-physiological functions in persons with a weak degree of acquired myopia2023-02-15T16:38:59+00:00Vitalii SheikoOlena KuchmenkoYulia KushchLaura MkhitaryanEduard GlazkovValentyna Havii
<p>Considering the unsatisfactory state of health of the population of Ukraine, research aimed at studying the peculiarities of the functioning of the human body in the presence of dysregulatory and premorbid conditions should be considered promising for modern science. According to Center of Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine myopia during the last decade is among the top three most common ophthalmological diseases of the population. Acquired myopia develops during life as an adaptive response of the visual sensory system in response to long-term work at a close distance and, as a rule, does not lead to complex pathological complications. That is why the medico-biological and socio-economic consequences of myopia are significant for society. Cases of myopia are recorded in 2.3-31% of schoolchildren; according to other data, from 5-10% in preschoolers to 40% in teenagers or from 4-8% in first grades to 46-52% in final grades. Among students, this percentage is even higher and amounts to 25-42%. The purpose of the study was to study the features of psychophysiological functions in persons with an acquired form of mild myopia. The psychophysiological research program included the study of neurodynamic properties of higher nervous activity according to the methodology of M.V. Makarenko and the study of indicators of memory, attention and performance of higher departments of the central nervous system. Against the background of acquired myopia of a weak degree, there is an improvement in the functional mobility of nervous processes, the speed of central information processing, indicators of attention, volumes of short-term memory and semantic memory.</p>
2023-01-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023